This page was last updated on October 17, 2025.

QLab 5 is a Mac-only program. It requires macOS Big Sur (macOS 11) or higher, and can run on any Mac that can run macOS Big Sur or higher. QLab 5 runs natively on both Apple Silicon processors and Intel processors. While it is technically possible to run QLab in a virtual machine or on a home-built “hackintosh,” these configurations have unpredictable problems and are neither recommended nor supported.

Apple tends to refer to technical specs in non-technical language, such as “processor” instead of “CPU” and “memory” instead of “RAM.” While reasonable people may differ on whether this decreases or increases confusion, this manual will attempt to match Apple’s terminology where possible in hopes of making it easier to compare Apple’s published specifications against the experience of QLab users.

Mindset

QLab is designed to be as flexible as possible so that it can be useful in a wide range of settings. As a consequence, it can be difficult to lay down strict rules about how much computing power QLab needs to run well. This section of the manual aims to discuss general concepts surrounding processor, graphics, memory, and storage as they pertain to QLab, and should be read not as directions about what to do, but as recommendations about what to consider.

Processor (CPU)

Processor power has the most straightforward relationship to QLab performance; the more work QLab needs to do, the more processor power it will use. These things all have a substantial impact on the amount of processor power needed by QLab:

• The number of simultaneously running cues.
• The resolution, frame rate, and bitrate of video files played by Video cues.
• The sample rate, bit depth, and number of channels of audio files played by Audio cues.
• The number of lighting instruments used in Light cues.
• The use of live audio and video effects.
• The use of blend modes in Video cues.
• The complexity of AppleScripts run by Script cues.

Conversely, here are some things which generally do not have much of an impact on the amount of processor power needed by QLab:

• The total number of cues in a workspace.
• The file size of media targeted by Audio and Video cues. (The file size per se is not important, although higher resolution, sample rate, and bitrate often go hand in hand with larger file sizes.)
• Using a single media file as the target of multiple cues.
• Playing whole files for cues versus setting custom start times and end times.
• The number of slice markers in a cue.

The upshot

New Macs are available today with Apple Silicon processors. They can be categorized as follows:

• The base processors (M with a number and no other name) offer terrific performance. Their main limitation is related to the number of displays that they can drive (see below.)
• The Pro and Max processors offer superb performance with higher limits on displays.
• The Ultra processors offer the best possible performance.
• The speed increase of each generation of Apple Silicon processor over the previous is difficult to explain in brief, but generally speaking each generation is a step-wise improvement over the one previous, and more of a leap when compared to the generation before that.

You can also find refurbished or older but still new-in-box Macs which use Intel processors.

• i3 and i5 processors can handle simple shows,
• i7 and i9 processors are much better at running multiple simultaneous cues and live effects,
• Xeon processors, found in the Mac Pro and iMac Pro only, offer the best possible performance for an Intel Mac. Despite this, most Apple Silicon Macs outperform even the most powerful Mac Pro with a Xeon processor.

If you are spending money on a Mac that’s new to you, we cannot overstate how much better the Apple Silicon Macs are. They truly are better in every single way. A mid-range Apple Silicon Mac will easily outperform a very, very high end Intel Mac.

Memory (RAM)

Loading and playing cues uses memory, so the more audio or video that needs to be loaded at any given moment, the higher the memory requirement will be. 4 GB should be considered the minimum for the simplest of shows, and 8 GB should be considered the minimum for shows of middling complexity or higher. As with processing power, more complex shows can benefit from (and may require) more memory. QLab is able to address as much memory as your Mac provides.

Storage (disk space)

The most important aspect of storage is thankfully the simplest; you need to have a sufficient amount of storage installed in your Mac to hold the data needed for your show. QLab workspaces are generally very small, so the real determining factor is the total size of all the media files used by your workspace.

The second most important aspect of storage is the read speed, which is the speed at which the Mac is able to gather data from storage. Nearly all Macs today use solid state drives (SSD), the very slowest of which is still awfully fast.

For best performance, we recommend using a Mac with an SSD, and keeping your workspace and its media stored internally on that Mac. If you must store your data on an external drive, it should be an SSD or a very fast, enterprise-class hard disk, and should be connected to your Mac via Thunderbolt, USB4, or USB 3.2.

For those who are pushing the limits of what is possible, the best possible performance comes from the built-in SSDs in Mac Pros, Mac Studios, and high-end MacBook Pros, as well as PCIe-based storage cards in modern Mac Pros.

Graphics (GPU)

If you use QLab for anything besides video, you almost definitely do not need to worry about the graphics performance of your Mac. QLab does make use of graphics processing for non-video related things, notably drawing the waveform view in the Time & Loops tab of the inspector and updating the Light Dashboard, but any reasonably modern Mac has sufficient graphics processing power for these tasks.

If you use QLab for video, however, the graphics processing capability of your Mac is very important and in keeping with the theme of this section of the manual, what you need depends entirely upon what you’re trying to accomplish.

Intel-based Macs

We do not recommend using most Intel-based Macs for any video-related project. They may suffice for exceedingly simple shows, but thorough testing is recommended early enough in the process to allow for the possibility of securing a replacement if necessary.

There are two notable exceptions:

• The 2017-2019 15” or 16” MacBook Pro came in various models, the best of which all supported multiple external displays at fairly high resolutions. These Macs work well for moderately complex video needs.
• The 2019-2022 “return of the cheese grater” Mac Pro allows you to install multiple video cards. Dedicating one modest video card for your operator display and one or more fancier cards for your audience-facing displays is a good strategy. These Macs work well for complex video needs, and the best of them (while terrifically expensive) work well for very complex video needs.

Intel-based Macs can use eGPUs, which are GPUs connected via Thunderbolt, and QLab can “see” and make use of them. While these are useful, any eGPU setup will cost more than a new Mac Mini which can offer better utility in almost all cases. For that reason, we do not recommend using eGPUs unless you are given one to use for free.

Apple Silicon-based Macs

All Apple Silicon Macs have integrated graphics processors, which means that the graphics processor is built into the same physical package as the regular processor and is therefore not removable or replaceable. Historically, integrated graphics processors offered fairly lackluster performance and were not recommended for serious video use. The Apple Silicon integrated graphics system, on the other hand, uses a novel design which is profoundly more powerful than older integrated graphics processors. Additionally, Apple Silicon processors include dedicated circuitry for video decoding, making them the best possible choice for video performance.

The overall, general performance of Apple Silicon graphics scales with price; the more expensive the Mac, the better its graphics performance will be.

Apple Silicon-based Macs do not support eGPUs.

Audio Output

All Macs have a ⅛” (3.5 mm) stereo output jack, and if all you need is one- or two-channel output, this can be fine. This connection is unbalanced, so it is recommended that the length of the cable that you plug into this jack be no longer than six feet or 1.8 meters (metres) in order to minimize noise.

If you need more than two channels, balanced connections, or outputs in other physical formats (such as analogue XLR3, AES, MADI, etc.) you can use any Core Audio-compliant audio device, which is nearly every audio device that works with a Mac. Through Core Audio, QLab supports output at a resolution of 16 or 24 bits at sample rates up to 192 kHz, although sample rates above 48 kHz require substantially more processing power and are not recommended.

QLab also supports audio output over a network via Dante Virtual Soundcard and macOS’s built-in implementation of AVB. For Video and Camera cues which output to NDI, QLab can use NDI’s built in audio channels as well.

The use of more than two channels of audio output requires an audio license.

Video Output

QLab supports video output through the built-in connections on your Mac, including the connections on graphics cards installed Mac Pros with PCI slots, and connections on eGPUs used with Macs that support eGPUs (Intel-based Macs with Thunderbolt 3 connections.)

Using a video license, QLab can also output video via Blackmagic Design’s UltraStudio, DeckLink, and Intensity capture and playback devices; via Syphon; and over a network using NDI.

All current Macs utilize USB-C connectors to deliver video, usually via an adapter which provides a DisplayPort or HDMI connection. Understanding USB-C and the various ways that it deals with video can be challenging. You can learn more about this topic in the section on understanding USB-C in this manual. Many, but not all, current Macs also have HDMI connectors built in.

The number of displays supported by Macs is highly variable and dependent on both the kind of Mac and its configuration. You can learn about the video output capabilities of any Mac from its page on Apple’s website.

This table shows the maximum number of total displays supported by a given Apple Silicon processor. For laptops and the iMac, the built-in display almost always counts as one of these. In most cases, displays can run at up to 6K resolution at 60 fps, though sometimes one display is limited to 4K resolution. Generally, displays connected to the built-in HDMI connector on the Mac can achieve higher frame rates than displays connected through Thunderbolt adapters, although in a theatrical context that is rarely important.

Processor	Display support
M1 M2	Laptops and iMac: the internal screen plus one external display. Mac Mini: two displays.
M1 Pro M3	Two displays total. Laptops with M3 and newer can run with the lid closed and use an external display in place of the built-in display.
M2 Pro M3 Pro M4 M4 Pro M5	Three displays total.
M1 Max M2 Max M3 Max	Four displays total.
M1 Ultra M4 Max	Five displays total.
M2 Ultra	Eight displays at 4K or six displays at 6K or three displays at 8K.
M3 Ultra	Eight displays at 6K or four displays at 8K.

Using Blackmagic Design devices, all Macs can support additional displays at various resolutions and frame rates, although the exact details vary widely depending on the model of Mac, the choice of Blackmagic Designs device, and the other hardware connected to the Mac.

Using NDI for video output, you are more likely to be limited by your network capacity than by your Mac’s capacity.

We do not recommend, nor do we support, video output via USB DisplayLink monitors or graphics adapters. While these devices can work, they are not compatible with hardware graphics acceleration and they have a history of spotty performance. Your mileage may vary, but our advice is to avoid them entirely. If you are not sure whether a device uses DisplayLink, the litmus test is this: if you need to install a driver or other special software to make the display work, then it’s probably DisplayLink.

Lighting Output

QLab can connect to DMX-controlled devices via Art-net and via a small list of specific USB-DMX adapters. QLab uses Art-net version 3, which means it’s compatible with any devices that use Art-net 3 or Art-net 4.

Ask Us

If you have specific questions about hardware choices or requirements, please email the QLab support team, and tell us about your show. We will be happy to help you.